In the post-Cold War
world, NATO no longer serves the role that it did at the time of its
creation. I believe that in the 21st
century, NATO’s purpose is best understood as an organization of countries
focused on promoting peace and security even in countries outside of its
membership. Initially created to stop
the spread of militarism in Europe and to protect the region from the Soviet
Union, the same issues do not necessarily apply as prominently in the
contemporary world.
NATO clearly does not
aspire to be an integrated union like the European Union, as it is not
comprised of countries specifically in one geographic region, and its focus is
mainly on security, whereas the European Union aspires to bind the countries
with a mutual currency, travel ease for members of its states, and arguably a
collective culture in many ways. It has
more member states than the European Union, but its limited focus on issues of
security and its expansion beyond the geographical European region sets it
apart. It seems more like a collective
security organization for countries seen as Western, as many Eastern European have
only recently been involved, but the United States and Canada are member states.
In recent years, NATO
has intervened in the form of a peacekeeping organization in conflicts such as
those in Bosnia and Kosovo, although neither state is a member. It has used its resources with security for
counterterrorism efforts, many of which lie outside of the West. At the turn of the century, NATO began to
integrate countries outside of the traditional Western world, such as countries
in Eastern Europe, former Yugoslavia countries, with the notable exception of
Turkey becoming a member in 1952. It has
served as an alliance against large foreign powers such as Russia and China,
but almost exclusively in the area of security.
Only time will tell if
NATO will progress to defining collective ideals and spreading them to
countries around the globe, or if it will step back from promoting ideology and
focus entirely on preventing and ending conflicts. Perhaps it will continue to expand to
countries even farther from the original European geographic region, or it
might end this period of expansion and focus its attention on protecting and
supporting its member countries in future inter-state conflicts. Regardless of where NATO is going in the 21st
century, it is clear that its purpose is no longer what it was at the time of
its establishment.
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